Influência do sistema de criação em piso sobre cama e gaiola sobre as características ósseas e a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de ovos de galinhas / Influence of the floor and cage creation system on the bony characteristics and the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of hen eggs

O experimento foi realizado no setor de avicultura/UFRRJ, utilizando 348 galinhas semipesadas (linhagem Dekalb Brown), com 52 semanas de idade, criadas sob dois sistemas de produção: cage-free e em gaiolas. Os dados obtidos pela análise físico-química e microbiológica dos ovos e a resistência óssea à quebra foram submetidos à análise de variância. No caso de ocorrerem efeitos dos diferentes sistemas de produção, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para comparação das médias. A qualidade físico-química foi igualmente favorecida pelos dois sistemas de produção, indicando que as circunstâncias experimentais propiciaram condições adequadas para a formação de ovos de boa qualidade. O sistema de gaiola não desfavoreceu as características ósseas das galinhas, apontando que, em densidades adequadas, a gaiola pode não exercer um fator prejudicial para a qualidade óssea. O sistema de produção cage-free piorou a contaminação da casca, comprovando que ovos postos em ninhos são mais contaminados em comparação aos produzidos em gaiolas.(AU)

The experiment was carried out in the poultry sector / UFRRJ, using 348 semi-heavy hens (Dekalb Brown line), 52 weeks old, raised under two cage-free production systems and cages. The data obtained by the physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of the eggs and the bone resistance to the break were submitted to analysis of variance, in case of effects of the different production systems, the Tukey's test was applied at 5% of probability for comparison of the means. The physical-chemical quality was also favored by the two production systems, indicating that the experimental circumstances provided adequate conditions for the formation of good quality eggs. The cage system did not disfavor the bony characteristics of the hens, indicating that at suitable densities, the cage may not exert a detrimental factor to bone quality. The cage-free production system worsened shell contamination by proving that nesting eggs are more contaminated compared to those produced in cages.(AU)

Micro-CT evaluation of the efficacy of hard-tissue removal from the root canal and isthmus area by positive and negative pressure irrigation systems.

AIM: To evaluate the removal of accumulated hard-tissue debris (AHTD) from the root canal system of mandibular molars by positive and negative pressure irrigation systems, using micro-CT imaging analysis. METHODOLOGY: Mandibular molars with a single canal in the distal root and 2 canals connected by an isthmus in the mesial root were matched based on similar morphological dimensions using micro-CT evaluation and assigned to 2 experimental groups (n = 20 mesial and 10 distal canals), according to the irrigation protocol: apical positive (conventional irrigation) or negative (EndoVac system) pressure. Changes in root canal volume and surface area as well as percentage of uninstrumented canal wall surface and accumulated hard-tissue debris (AHTD) after canal preparation were compared statistically using the independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: Volume, surface area and percentage of static voxels in either mesial or distal root canal systems were not significantly different between groups before or after root canal preparation (P > 0.05). After preparation, AHTD was not observed in the distal canal of both groups. However, in the mesial root canal system, the conventional irrigation group was associated with a significantly higher median percentage of AHTD (11.48%; IQR: 5.9-22.6; range: 1.86-41.98) than the EndoVac group (3.40%; IQR: 1.5-7.3; range: 0.82-12.84) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Neither irrigation protocol succeeded in rendering the mesial canal system free of AHTD; however, apical negative pressure irrigation resulted in lower levels of AHTD than conventional irrigation.

Sealing ability of two root-end filling materials in a bacterial nutrient leakage model.

AIM: To compare in vitro the sealing ability of root-end fillings with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and EndoSequence BioCeramic Root Repair Material-Fast Set (BC-RRM) Putty using a novel bacterial nutrient leakage model, which provides information on whether or not intracanal bacteria are receiving nutrients from serum via leakage channels. METHODOLOGY: Sixty single-rooted decoronated mandibular incisors with instrumented root canals were subjected to root-end resection and ultrasonic preparation. The root specimens were mounted in the experimental apparatus, and the root-end cavities filled with the test materials. The positive control group used warm Gutta-percha and no sealer. In the negative controls, the entire resected surface was covered with varnish. After sterilization in ethylene oxide, the root canal was inoculated with 1.5 × 10(5) washed cells of Enterococcus faecalis. The apparatus was filled with foetal bovine serum, leaving only the apical root immersed. After 30-day incubation, samples were taken from the canal, cultured and the colony-forming units (CFUs) counted. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test for quantitative and the Fisher exact test for qualitative data. RESULTS: In the MTA group, 10 of 20 (50%) specimens still had detectable viable bacteria in the canals (mean, 8.97 × 10(3)  CFUs). In the BC-RRM Putty group, 5 of 18 (28%) specimens were positive for bacterial growth (mean, 2.88 × 10(4)  CFUs). There was no significant difference when comparing the quantitative or presence/absence data from the MTA and BC-RRM Putty groups. Positive and negative controls yielded the expected results. CONCLUSIONS: MTA and BC-RRM Putty had similar sealing ability. The experimental model was effective in determining whether or not residual intracanal bacteria could survive by receiving nutrients from outside.

Synthesis of eugenol esters by lipase-catalyzed reaction in solvent-free system.

Enzymatic esterification of eugenol is a matter of great scientific and technological interest due to the well-known drawbacks of the chemical-catalyzed route as well as the potential use of produced compounds as natural antimicrobials. This work reports the maximization of eugenil acetate production by esterification of eugenol and acetic anhydride in a solvent-free system using Novozym 435 as catalyst. The antimicrobial activity of eugenol and eugenil acetate was also determined. The operating conditions that maximized eugenil acetate production were 50 °C, eugenol to acetic anhydride of 1:3, 150 rpm, and 5.5 wt% of enzyme, with a conversion of 99 %. A kinetic study was performed to assess the influence of substrates molar ratio, enzyme concentration, and temperature on eugenil acetate yield. Results show that an excess of anhydride, low enzyme concentration (1 wt%), and 60 °C afforded nearly complete conversion after 6 h of reaction. The highest antimicrobial activity of eugenil acetate was observed against Acinetobacter sp. (48.66 mm) at concentration of 20 µL. Results indicate that the esterification of eugenol improved its antimicrobial properties. New experimental data on enzymatic esterification of eugenol and acetic anhydride are reported in this work, showing a promising perspective to overcome the inconvenient of the chemical-catalyzed route for obtaining antimicrobial natural compounds.

The effect of red wine on experimental atherosclerosis: lipid-independent protection.

To assess the effect of red wine on atherosclerosis, New Zealand rabbits were given 1% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and compared to animals that received the diet plus either red wine or nonalcoholic wine products (NAWP). Diet induced marked increases in total and LDL cholesterol; yet no significant changes in HDL and triglyceride concentrations occurred. In the control group, plaque area was 69 +/- 9% of the aortic surface, while in the wine and NAWP groups it was only 38 +/- 9 and 47 +/- 12%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The average intima/media thickness ratio was 0.60 +/- 0.2 in control animals, 0.14 +/- 0.09 in the wine group, and 0.39 +/- 0.19 in the NAWP group (P < 0.0001). No significant differences were noted in LDL oxidizability among treatments. Thus, both red wine and NAWP can prevent plaque formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits despite significant increases in LDL. We speculate that anti-platelet effect, blockade of expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and/or NO stimulation by red wine flavonoids are possible explanations.

Slow coronary run-off in patients with angina pectoris: clinical significance and thallium-201 scintigraphic study.

To determine whether or not slow coronary flow (SF) depends on hemodynamic variables, we studied 17 patients (15 men, mean age = 47.8 years) with SF at coronariography. Exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy revealed perfusion abnormalities in 13 (76.4%) patients. We then selected 89 individuals submitted to cinecoronariography for comparison: 15 were normal and 74 had heart disease. The coronary flow velocity was evaluated by the number of heart beats (HB) needed for coronary artery dye filling. The patients in the SF group had normal hemodynamic variables which were significantly different from those of patients with heart disease (P = 0.001). Patients with heart disease needed no more than 4 HB to fill their arteries, in contrast to 6.88 +/- 1.68 (5 to 11) in the SF group (P < 0.0001). Thus, in our patients with myocardial scintigraphy suggesting ischemia, SF was found to be an event which did not depend on hemodynamic factors.

Slow coronary run-off in patients with angina pectoris: clinical significance and thallium-201 scintigraphic study

To determine whether or not slow coronary flow (SF) depends on hemodynamic variables, we studied 17 patients (15 men, mean age = 47.8 years) with SF at coronariography. Exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy revealed perfusion abnormalities in 13 (76.4 per cent) patients. We then selected 89 individuais submitted to cinecoronariography for comparison: 15 were normal and 74 had heart disease. The coronary flow velocity was evaluated by the number of heart beats (HB) needed for coronary artery dye filling. The patients in the SF group had normal hemodynamic variables which were significantly different from those of patients with heart disease (P = 0.001). Patients with heart disease needed no more than 4 HB to fill their arteries, in contrast to 6.88 ñ 1.68 (5 to 11) in the SF group (P<0.OOO1). Thus, in our patients with myocardial scintigraphy suggesting ischemia, SF was found to be an event which did not depend on hemodynamic factors.

Beneficial effect of long-term use of a beta-blocker in patients before acute myocardial infarction.

The outcome of 38 beta-blocker users (group BB, 28 men and 10 women with a mean age of 56 +/- 4 years) was compared to that of 100 non-users (group NU, 69 men and 31 women with a mean age of 57 +/- 8 years) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The two groups were compared in terms of electrocardiographic (EKG) location of the AMI (anterior, inferior and lateral), EKG Q and non-Q wave infarction, clinical functional class of Forrester, serum creatine phosphokinase MB fraction (CKMB) peak release and intrahospital mortality. There were no differences between groups concerning sex or severity of coronary artery disease but arterial hypertension was 2-fold more prevalent in group BB. The EKG location of the AMI was similar in the two groups. Non-Q infarction was significantly more prevalent in group BB (37%) than in group NU (6%). The incidence of clinical functional class IV of Forrester and the serum CKMB peaks were significantly lower in group BB (2.6% vs 16.0% and 53 +/- 3 vs 68 +/- 9 IU/l, respectively). Intrahospital mortality was also significantly lower in group BB (2.6%) than in group NU (10%). These data suggest the beneficial effect of previous long-term use of beta-blockers as indicated by a lower incidence of cardiogenic shock and a significant decrease in intrahospital mortality after AMI.

Beneficial effect of long-term use of a beta-blocker in patients before acute myocardial infarction

The outcome of 38 beta-blocker users (group BB, 28 men and 10 women with a mean age of 56 ñ 4 years) was compared to that of 100 non-users (group NU, 69 men and 31 women with mean age of 57 ñ 8 years) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The two groups were compared in terms of electrocardiographic (EKG) location of the AMI (anterior, inferior and lateral), EKG Q and non-Q wave infarction, clincial functional class of Forrester, serum cratine phosphokinase MB fraction (CKMB) peak release and intrahospital mortality.There were no differences between groups concerning sex or severity of coronary artery disease bath arterial hypertension was 3-fold more prevalent group BB. The EKG location of the AMI was similar int he two groups. Non-Q infarction was significantly more prevalent in group BB (37 percent) than in group NU (5 percent). The incidence of clinical functional class IV of Forrester and the serum CKMB peaks were significantly lower in goup BB (2.6 percent vs 16.0 percent and 53 ñ 3 vs 68 ñ 9 UI/1, respectively. Intrahospital mortality was also significantly lower in group BB (2.6 percent) than in group NU (10 percent). These data suggest the beneficial effect of previous long-term use of beta-blockers as indicated by a lower incidence of cardiogenic shock and a significant decrease in intrahospital mortality after AMI

Prognostic significance of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction and right ventricular involvement.

Little is known about the influence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction on prognosis of patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) and RV involvement. Therefore, 99 consecutive patients (mean age 56.6 +/- 3.4 years) with RV involvement during acute IMI were followed for a 12-month period to clarify the influence of acute RV dysfunction on short- and long-term survivals. Forty-one patients with IMI evolved with severe arterial hypotension due to RV dysfunction, while 58 patients had no hemodynamic impairment due to RV involvement. Basal hemodynamic data (mean +/- SD) for patients with RV dysfunction were blood pressure (BP) 92/59 +/- 22/20 mmHg, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) 2314 +/- 252 dynes.s.cm-5, and cardiac index (CI) 1.3 +/- 0.3 l/min/m2. Patients without RV dysfunction demonstrated BP 113/74 +/- 20/16 mmHg (p < or = 0.05), SVR 1324 +/- 354 dynes.s.cm-5 (p < or = 0.01), and CI 2.6 +/- 0.5 l/min/m2 (p < or = 0.05). Angiographic differences noted were that hemodynamically compromised patients showed lower RV ejection fractions (0.27 +/- 0.08) than patients without hemodynamic disturbance [0.41 +/- 0.11 (p < or = 0.05)]; however, left ventricular ejection fractions were 0.48 +/- 0.10 and 0.52 +/- 0.12, respectively. Short- and long-term mortality rates were assessed during the follow-up period. Patients with hemodynamic impairment due to RV infarction had a higher mortality rate for the first month and for 11 subsequent months post MI than patients without hemodynamic impairment, that is 24.4 vs. 6.9 and 14.6 (p

[Hemodynamic behavior of the right ventricle in acute inferior wall myocardial infarction: comparison between patients with and without cardiogenic shock]. / Comportamento hemodinâmico do ventrículo direito no infarto agudo de parede inferior. Comparação entre pacientes que evoleum com e sem choque.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hemodynamic profile of patients (pts) with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (AMI) and dysfunction of right ventricle (RV). METHODS: Ninety nine consecutive pts (aged 56.6 +/- 3.4 years), 47 men, with inferior AMI and RV dysfunction were studied. RV infarction was diagnosed based on ST segment elevation (> lmm) in precordial V4R lead and RV abnormalities found in echocardiography. All pts were undergone to bedside hemodynamic studies, by measuring mean right atrial (RAP), pulmonary artery (PAP), wedge pulmonary (PWP), and radial artery (AP) pressures and cardiac output (CO). Cardiac index (CI), pulmonary (PAR) and systemic arterial resistance (SAR) were calculated in dynes x sec x cm-5. Left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and RV-EF were obtained by contrast ventriculography. Cardiogenic shock was diagnosed based on AP < or = 70 mmHg, RAP > or = 7 mmHg, PWP < or = 20mm Hg, CI < or = 1.8l/min/m2 and oliguria. Pts were then subdivided in 2 groups: with cardiogenic shock (group A, n = 41) with a mean age of 55.4 +/- 2.1 and without shock (group B, n = 58) with a mean age of 57.2 +/- 1.7. RESULTS: No significant differences between groups regarding RAP, PWP, AP and LVEF were observed, but compared to group B, group A had lower CI (1.3 +/- 0.3 vs 2.6 +/- 0.5 l/min/m2, p < 0.05), higher SVR (2314 +/- 252 vs 1324 +/- 324 dynes.sec.cm-5, p < 0.01), and lower RVEF (0.27 +/- 0.08 vs 0.41 +/- 0.11%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pts with inferior AMI and RV dysfunction, cardiogenic shock depends on of RV failure and is independent of a preserved LV function.

[Efficacy of and tolerance to buspirone hydrochloride in the treatment of psychosomatic symptoms in clinical cardiology]. / Eficácia e tolerabilidade do cloridrato de buspirona no tratamento dos sintomas psicossomáticos na clínica cardiológica.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of buspirone hydrochloride in patients of the cardiologic clinic with generalized anxiety. METHODS: Fifty out-patients with psychosomatic cardiovascular symptoms in cardiology were treated for six weeks with initial dose of 5mg of buspirone hydrochloride t.i.d. RESULTS: The results obtained were good in 76% of the patients, fair in 18% and ineffective in 6% of the cases. Thirteen patients (26%) reported at least one adverse event, the side effects reported were: somnolence, headache, flatulence, tinnitus, nasal congestion and dry mouth. No interruption of the treatment was needed. CONCLUSION: Buspirone hydrochloride is a valid alternative for treating pathological anxiety in patients in which the state of alertness and good psychomotor skills must be preserved.

[Primary angiosarcoma of the right atrium with a patent foramen ovale and severe hypoxemia]. / Angiossarcoma primário de atrio direito com forame oval pérvio e hipoxemia severa.

A 19-years-old female with a primary right atrial angiosarcoma partially obstructing the tricuspid valve, developed severe hypoxemia due to right-to-left shunting through a patient foramen ovale. This is the first report of such clinical situation with this type of tumor. A complete resection of the tumor was attempted, and the right atrium had to be rebuilt with a bovine pericardium patch. Post-operative cranial, thoracic and abdominal CT scans and bone scintigraphy did not show metastatic spread. Chest radiation therapy was started on the third postoperative week. Chemotherapy was not used. The patient died five months after surgery due to disseminated metastatic disease but no evidence of the tumor was found in the necroscopic study of the heart.

Acute hemodynamic effects of hypertonic (7.5%) saline infusion in patients with cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular infarction.

The hemodynamic effects, after infusion of 4 ml/kg of hypertonic (7.5%) saline solution (HS), were evaluated in six patients (mean age = 56.6 years) with cardiogenic shock (CS) due to right ventricular infarction (RVI). Basal condition data (mean +/- SEM) were as follows: cardiac index (CI) = 1.9 +/- 0.1 1/min/m2, arterial pressure (AP) = 66.5 +/- 0.9 mmHg, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) = 31.3 +/- 1.0 mmHg/1/min/m2. Five- and 240-minute post-HS infusion data (respectively) revealed: CI = 3.3 +/- 0.1* and 2.9 +/- 0.1* 1/min/m2, AP = 87.7 +/- 1.6* and 80.7 +/- 2.2* mmHg, and SVR = 22.5 +/- 0.6* and 24.5 +/- 1.1* mmHg/1/min/m2 (*P less than 0.05 compared to baseline values). These data suggest that small-volume infusion of HS induced an important acute and sustained hemodynamic improvement in these patients with CS due to RVI.

[Clinical and Doppler echocardiographic follow-up of elderly patients subjected to aortic balloon valvuloplasty]. / Seguimento clínco e ecodopplercardiográfico de idosos submetidos a valvuloplastia aórtica por cateter-balão.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the evolution of patients with critical aortic stenosis (AS) submitted to balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). PATIENTS AND METHODS: sixteen patients (mean age 74.0 +/- 5.1 years), 11 (68.7%) women. The study periods consisted during the 3 rd (post-1) and 15th month (post-2) after dilatation. RESULTS: The functional class of angina and dyspnea persisted in all patients during period post-1, in 75% of the patients, during period post-2 in relation to intra-hospital evaluation. However, in period post-1, 53% of the patients had significant reduction of aortic valve area, trend which remained in period post-2. Simultaneously, progressive (insignificant) elevation of the left ventricular aortic peak to peak gradient was noticed in the periods post-1 and post-2. Two deaths and two aortic valve replacements occurred during the study. CONCLUSION: BAV is associated to maintenance of functional class improvement obtained immediately after dilatation despite the aortic valve restenosis registered by echodopplercardiography.

[Rupture of the interventricular septum after acute myocardial infarction in the absence of typical symptoms and electrocardiographic changes. A case report]. / Rotura do septo interventricular pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio na ausência de sintomas típicos e de alterações electrocardiográficas. Relato de caso.

A 79 year old man with sudden dyspnea, syncope and third degree heart block underwent a pacemaker (PM) implantation. He persisted with these symptoms and on the third day after the procedure it was detected a precordial holosystolic murmur. A ventricular septal rupture consequence of PM implantation was suspected. The coronary-ventriculography revealed a 99% stenosis in right coronary artery, inferior myocardial infarction and an interventricular communication. Previously, there were no other clinical manifestations nor electrocardiographic alterations suggestive of myocardial ischemia or infarction in this patient. We discuss about the rare association of an unrecognized acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture.